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When teaching Chinese
Are you confused by the use of similar words
For example, the following scenario
在教汉语时
你是否会对相近词语的使用感到困惑呢
比如以下场景
First of all, there is a big difference between the two parts of speech. "just" is an adverb, while "just" is a noun. You can say "he just walked for a while", but you can't say "he just walked for a while".
Just a cup of tea just a cup of tea this box can only hold clothes and books. He has been here just nowhe has been here just nowhe has forgotten what happened just nowhe has been here just now.
首先，从词性上两者就有很大不同，“刚刚”是副词，而“刚才”是名词，你可以说“他刚刚走一会儿”，但不能说“他刚才走一会儿”，因此，“刚刚”后面可以加表示时间的词语，而“刚才”不可以。
其次，“刚刚”只能做状语，表示不多不少，如：“刚刚一杯”“这个箱子只能装下衣服和书”；“刚才”指刚过去不久的时间，如：“他把刚才的事忘了”，可以作定语，如：“刚才的事情”，可以做状语，如：“刚才来过”，可以做主语，如：“他是刚才来的”。
I'm going to give you a couple of groups today
Common word comparisons
So that you can better understand and use these words
今天就给大家带来几组
常见的词语对比
让你能更好的理解和使用这些词语
They are both pronouns and can be used in an inquiry
For example
Only those who know how/how to stop can know how/how to go fast.
"How" is used mostly in written language
How can we love our planet?
Cannot be used to ask the reason;
Can be used at the end of a sentence to inquire about a situation or to ask for an opinion
How are you doing?
"How" can be used in spoken English
√ how did you get here today?
How did you get here today?
Can be used to ask why
Why is it so cold today?
Why is it so cold today?
Can be used at the beginning of a sentence to express surprise
√ what, you don't know me?
What, you don't know me?
它们都是代词，都可以用于询问方式
举个例子
只有知道如何/怎么停止的人，才能知道如何/怎么高速前进。
"如何”多用于书面语
√该如何爱护我们的地球？
不能用于询问原因；
可用于句末表示询问状况或征求意见
√最近身体如何？
“怎么”可用于口语
√你今天是怎么来的？
×你今天是如何来的？
可用于询问原因
√今天怎么这么冷？
×今天如何这么冷？
可用于句首表示惊讶
√怎么，你不认识我了？
×如何，你不认识我了？
What they have in common is that they are adverbs, meaning to do things without being discovered.
For example
He slipped out.
"Quietly" emphasizes that the voice is very low.
Father quietly pulls me aside to talk.
Father stole me aside to talk.
"Stealthily" emphasizes the behavior of not wanting to be known.
√ he secretly went on a trip without telling anyone.
它们的共同点就是都是副词，都有做事不让人发现的意思。
举个例子
他悄悄/偷偷地走了出去。
“悄悄”强调声音很小。
√父亲悄悄把我拉到一边说话。
×父亲偷偷把我拉到一边说话。
“偷偷”强调行为不愿被人知道。
√他谁也没告诉，偷偷去旅行了。
What they have in common is that they are adverbs, meaning to do things without being discovered.
For example
He slipped out.
"Quietly" emphasizes that the voice is very low.
Father quietly pulls me aside to talk.
Both are adjectives meaning to be relaxed and happy.
For example
The hotel has prepared comfortable/comfortable rooms for the guests.
"Comfort" is mostly used in writing.
√ this car is spacious and comfortable to ride.
"Comfort", on the other hand, is mostly used in spoken English and can be overlapped.
He reclined on the sofa and watched TV comfortably.
He reclined comfortably on the sofa watching TV.
√ finished kicking the ball? Take a hot bath and feel comfortable.
"Comfort" focuses on the overall feeling of the environment.
√ we all need a relaxing and comfortable living environment.
"Comfort" focuses on people's physical and mental subjective and specific feelings.
√ I felt very uncomfortable at his words.
At his words, I felt very uncomfortable.
"Comfort" is generally used with minimal overlap.
Father stole me aside to talk.
"Stealthily" emphasizes the behavior of not wanting to be known.
√ he secretly went on a trip without telling anyone.
都是形容词，表示轻松愉快。
举个例子
饭店为入住的客人准备了舒适/舒服的房间。
“舒适”多用于书面语。
√这款车内部空间宽大，乘坐舒适。
而“舒服”多用于口语，可以重叠。
√他靠在沙发上舒舒服服地看电视。
×他靠在沙发上舒舒适适地看电视。
√踢完球了？洗个热水澡舒服舒服吧。
“舒适”侧重环境给人的整体感受。
√我们都需要一个轻松舒适的生活环境。
“舒服”侧重人身体、精神上的主观的、具体的感受。
√听了他的话，我心里很不舒服。
×听了他的话，我心里很不舒适。
“舒适”一般极少重叠使用。
They are all adjectives that can describe scenery, environment, etc.
For example
Jinan is a city with beautiful scenery.
Beauty is often used to describe a person's appearance, appearance, appearance, etc.
√ she has beautiful big eyes.
She has large, graceful eyes.
"Beautiful" describes the movement, image and so on to give people beautiful good feeling.
√ the movements of the actors are very graceful.
The movements of the actors were very beautiful.
"Beauty" generally describes the feeling of vision.
√ there is a beautiful rainbow in the sky after the rain.
"Beautiful" can also describe a non-visual feeling.
√ as soon as you enter the yard, you can hear lily's beautiful song.
As soon as I entered the yard, I heard a beautiful song.
它们都是形容词，都可以形容风景、环境等。
举个例子
济南是一座风景美丽/优美的城市。
“美丽”多用于形容长相、样子、打扮等好看。
√她有一双美丽的大眼睛。
×她有一双优美的大眼睛。
“优美”形容动作、形象等给人美好的感受。
√演员们的动作十分优美。
×演员们的动作十分美丽。
“美丽”一般多形容视觉的感受。
√雨后天空中出现了一道美丽的彩虹。
“优美”还可形容非视觉的感受。
√一进院子就听到了丽丽优美的歌声。
×一进院子就听到了丽丽美丽的歌声。
They're both verbs, meaning to feel enough, to wish for something.
For example
I'm very satisfied with my life now.
"Meet" emphasizes no more requirements.
√ as long as you can eat a full meal of rice, you will be satisfied.
"Satisfaction" emphasizes that it suits you.
√ the teacher said he was very satisfied with my homework.
"Satisfaction" cannot be used as attributive or adverbial in general.
Satisfaction can be used as an attribute or an adverbial.
√ he found a satisfactory job.
He found a satisfying job.
"Satisfaction" can be used with words such as "need, requirement, condition, desire".
The square root of this I don't need, it doesn't satisfy our needs.
I don't need this. He can't satisfy our needs.
Satisfaction is not often accompanied by a direct object.
I'm satisfied with your grade.
它们都是动词，都有感到够了，愿望实现的意思。
举个例子
我对现在的生活感到非常满足/满意。
“满足”强调没有更多的要求了。
√只要能饱饱地吃上一顿米饭，也就满足了。
“满意”强调符合自己心意。
√老师说他对我这次的作业非常满意。
“满足”一般不能做定语或状语。
“满意”可作定语或状语。
√他找到了一份满意的工作。
×他找到了一份满足的工作。
“满足”可与‘需要、要求、条件、愿望’等词搭配。
√这个我不需要，他不能满足我们的需要。
×这个我不需要，他不能满意我们的需要。
“满意”不常搭配直接宾语。
×我满意你的成绩。
Both verbs mean "ask".
For example
He inquired about the old man's health and life.
"Inquire" is mostly used in spoken English.
√ let me ask you, is there a post office nearby?
"Inquiry" is used mostly in writing.
He inquired carefully about the company's development in recent years.
"Inquire" is generally used to find, understand the relevant information, can follow the result complement "to".
√ I can't find this company by asking around.
"Inquiry" generally cannot be followed by the result complement "to"; In addition, there is a request for advice.
"Inquire" has no such use.
√ he telephoned professor liu for his opinion on the paper.
Where did you get this information?
"Ask" can be followed by an action object, can also be used as a noun.
√ the policeman asked the neighbor who had seen him that day, and he answered the patient's question in detail.
都是动词，都有“问”意思。
举个例子
他打听/询问了老人的身体和生活情况。
“打听”多用于口语。
√我跟您打听一下，附近有邮局吗？
“询问”多用于书面语。
√他仔细地询问了公司近年来的发展情况。
“打听”一般用于寻找、了解有关信息，后可跟结果补语“到”。
√我到处打听也没有打听到这家公司。
“询问”后面一般不能带结果补语“到”；另外，还有征求意见的意思。
“打听”没有这种用法。
√他打电话询问刘教授对论文的意见。
×你是从哪询问到这件事儿的？
“询问”后面可跟动作的对象，还可活用为名词。
√警察询问了当天见过他的邻居，他详细地回答了病人的询问。
Both parties are acting in the same way.
For example
We know each other very well.
The pronoun "each other" can be used as the subject before the verb.
√ after a long time together, we can understand each other's meaning from their expressions, voices and behaviors.
"Each other" is an adverb, which requires a subject before a verb.
√ good friends should help each other.
"Each other" can also serve as an object or attribute.
√ we are best friends. (object)
√ we have the same hobbies as each other. (attributive)
"Each other" cannot be used as an object or attribute.
"Each other" can overlap, indicating that both parties are similar.
√ I can't draw you any better than we can draw each other.
"Each other" cannot overlap.
I can't draw you any better than we can draw each other.
都有表示双方有同样行为的意思。
举个例子
我们彼此/互相都很了解对方。
“彼此”代词，可以用在动词前做主语。
√相处的久了，彼此居然可以从表情、声音和行为举止中了解对方的意思。
“互相”是个副词，用在动词前时前面还需要加上主语。
√好朋友应该互相帮助。
“彼此”还可以作宾语、定语。
√我们是最好的朋友，不分彼此。（宾语）
√我们彼此的爱好相同。（定语）
“互相”不能做宾语、定语。
“彼此”可以重叠，表示双方差不多。
√咱俩彼此彼此，我画的比你好不了多少。
“互相”不能重叠。
×咱俩互相互相，我画的比你好不了多少。
They are used before verbs to mean that something happened quickly or unexpectedly.
For example
We were having class when he suddenly stood up.
"Suddenly" is an adverb and can only be used before a verb or clause.
One evening he was hunting with his soldiers in the mountains when he saw a big tiger crouching in the grass in the distance.
"Suddenly" is an adverb and an adjective, which can be used as a predicate, complement or attribute.
√ this is so sudden! (adjective, predicate)
√ this happened so suddenly! (complement)
The sudden shout gave me a fright.
都用在动词前，表示很快发生、没想到的意思。
举个例子
我们正在上课，他忽然/突然站了起来。
“忽然”是副词，只能用在动词或小句前（可以替换成突然）
√一天傍晚，他正带着士兵在山中打猎，忽然发现远处的草丛中蹲着一只大老虎。
“突然”是副词，也是形容词，可作谓语、补语、定语。
√这件事太突然了！（形容词，谓语）
√这件事发生的太突然了！（补语）
√这突然的一声喊叫吓我一跳，（形容词，定语）
Have expressed their own meaning.
For example
(lu xun) can not only eat, but also cook himself/herself.
"Personally" adverb, often used between subject and verb.
√ the old man always feeds his monkeys himself.
"Oneself" is a pronoun and can be the subject, object, attribute, etc.
Please bring your own information.
"In person" is generally used for people of high status, or for things that are not usually done.
√ this gift was made by the mayor himself for the sick girl.
"Self" emphasizes that the person who completes the action is himself and not others.
√ you should study hard by yourself and not always depend on others.
都有表示本人的意思。
举个例子
（鲁迅）不但会吃，还会亲自/自己动手做。
“亲自”副词，常用于主语和动词之间。
√老人总是亲自喂养他的猴子。
“自己”是代词，可做主语、宾语、定语等。
√请大家带好自己的资料。
“亲自”一般用于身份地位较高的人，或平时不常做的事。
√这份礼物是市长亲自为生病的小女孩儿做的。
“自己”强调动作的完成者是本人不是别人。
√你应该自己努力学习，不能总是靠别人。
Both are verbs that have an obvious meaning, but cannot be used interchangeably.
"To show" means to show an attitude, ability, or situation.
√ photo shows that a horse always lands on one hoof when running.
"To appear" means to exhibit a characteristic.
√ haven't seen him for years, he seems much more mature.
"Show" is usually used with nouns or clauses.
√ the organization of the event shows his talent.
"Appear" is usually used with an adjective.
√ the moon is very bright on Mid-Autumn day.
都是动词，都有表现出、让人看出的意思，但一般不能换用。
“显示”指表现出某种态度、能力或情况。
√相片显示：马奔跑时始终有一蹄着地。
“显得”指表现出某种特性。
√几年不见，他显得成熟多了。
“显示”一般与名词或小句搭配。
√这次活动的组织显示了他的才能。
“显得”一般与形容词搭配。
√中秋节那天，月亮显得格外明亮。
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