"Put words" and "be words"

"Putting words and sentences" is the focus of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is an important sign to speak Chinese fluently to be able to use Chinese characters naturally and skillfully. At the same time, it is one of the important expectations of many TCSL teachers for students in the early stage of teaching.

“把字句”是对外汉语教学中的重点。能够自然、娴熟的用“把字句”是把汉语说得流利的重要标志。同时也是很多对外汉语教师在初期教学中对学生的重要期待之一。

Today, let's talk about "put the word" and "be word".

今天我们就来说一说“把字句”和“被字句”。

Put the words

把字句

"Ba zi sentence" is an active verb predicate sentence in Chinese. Used to emphasize the result or manner of an action.
This type of sentence is also called "disposal" because the action represented by a verb "disposes" of an object, for example by changing its position or state.

“'把字句'，是汉语中的一种主动式动词谓语句。用来强调行为结果或行为方式。

这种句式又称为“处置式”，因为动词所表示的动作对宾语作出了“处置”，例如使其位置或状态改变。”

How did A do to B? How did A do to B?
Semantically, this sentence pattern can be regarded as object preposition. In structure, it is preposition structure adverbial.

基本结构：主语+“把”+宾语+动作（A把B怎么样了）
在语义上，这种句式可视为宾语前置。在结构上，则是介词结构作状语。

In Chinese, after the word "put", the object is put before the verb.
(in short, it can be understood as follows: the sentence form changes from subject-verb-object S.+ v. +O. To subject-verb-object S.

在汉语中，用了“把”字后，宾语提置于动词之前。

（简言之，可以理解为：句式由主谓宾S.+V.+O.变成主宾谓S.+把+O.+V.）
 

Conditions for the establishment of the sentence:
The verb is usually an action verb that can dominate the object,
That is, a transitive verb that can take an object (followed by an object directly after a transitive verb).
The verb used should have an additional element before or after the verb indicating the result or manner.
The e target of the word "take" is usually determined, that is, the speaker should have a definite object.

把字句的成立条件：

⑴动词一般是能带支配对象的行为动词，
即能带受事宾语的及物动词（及物动词后直接跟宾语）
⑵所用动词的前边或后边要带有表示结果或方式的附加成分。
⑶“把”字所介系的宾语通常是确定的，即说话人要有确指的对象。

The object is displaced or changed after disposal
The teacher wrote the words on the blackboard.
I put the book on the table.
He finished his meal.
Xiao Ming broke the window.
Please move the chair forward.
The clouds hid the sun.
Mother cleaned up the room.
Mother cooked the meal.
Turn off your computer when you leave.

处置以后宾语发生位移或改变

老师【把字】写在黑板上。
我把书放在桌子上。
他把饭吃完了。
小明把窗户打碎了。
请你把椅子往前搬搬吧。
云彩把太阳遮住了。
妈妈把房间打扫干净了。
妈妈把饭菜做好了。
你走的时候把电脑关了。

* note:
1, the predicate verb of the sentence can not be a single verb, that is, the verb has other components, generally can not appear alone, usually followed by complement, object, dynamic auxiliary or verb overlap.

*注意：

1、 把字句的谓语动词不能是单个儿的动词，即动词后有别的成分，一般不能单独出现，通常后面有补语、宾语、动态助词或动词的重叠式。

Ex. :
I gave him the book. (object)
I finished the water. (complement)
You took the medicine. (dynamic particles)
Please change this question. (verb overlap)
Or the verb is preceded by an adverbial
Ex. :
Don't scribble on the desk!
Don't litter about.

例：

我把书给他。（宾语）
我把水喝完了。（补语）
你把药吃了。（动态助词）
你把这道题改改吧。（动词重叠式）
或者动词前面有状语
例：
不要在桌子上乱写乱画！
你别把垃圾到处乱扔。
 

2, "put" word phrases and verbs generally can not add a verb, negative words, these words can only be placed before the word "put". For example:
He didn't lose the key. (error)
Why didn't the announcement go out? (error)
It should be said:
He didn't lose his keys. (right)
Why didn't you send out the announcement? (right)

2、 “把”字短语和动词之间一般不能加能愿动词、否定词，这些词只能置于“把”字前。例如不能说：

他把钥匙没有弄丢。（错误）
怎么把公告没发出去？（错误）
应该说：
他没把钥匙弄丢。（正确）
怎么没把公告发出去？（正确）

By words
The word "bei" refers to a passive subject-predicate sentence that is preceded by the preposition "bei" (to give, call and let). It is one of the subject statements.

被字句

“被”字句是指在核心动词前面，用介词“被（给、叫、让）”引出施事或单用“被”的表示被动的主谓句。它是受事主语句的一种。

Features:
Verbs are generally disposal, much like the verb in the word "to put".
The verb is followed by complement or other components, if only a two-syllable verb, the front of the verb, time words and other adverbials.

特点：
动词一般是有处置性的，跟“把”字句里的动词差不多。
动词后面多有补语或别的成分，如果只用一个双音节动词，前面就要有能愿动词、时间词语等状语。

Ex. :
The review materials were borrowed by xiao li.
He drank up the milk.
The toy was broken by my brother.
He was scolded by his mother.
Our school was awarded "excellent collective".
It was settled by a phone call from her.

例：

复习资料被小李借走了。
牛奶被他喝光了。
玩具被弟弟摔坏了。
他被妈妈批评了一顿。
我校被评为“优秀集体”。
这件事被她一个电话就搞定了。

Throw out a brick to attract jade -- in the classroom some "sentence"
The teacher (me, David) closed the door (window, computer).
The teacher put the book (pen, homework, water) on the table.
The teacher gave mike (Mary, David) a pen.

抛砖引玉——教室里有的“把字句”

老师（我、大卫）把门（窗户、电脑）关上。
老师把书（笔、作业、水）放在桌子上。
老师把笔给迈克（玛丽、大卫）。

Finally, to enrich teaching methods, don't forget to use existing materials to practice
The form may be the teacher demonstration, the instruction, does the movement, the substitution and so on.

最后，要让教学方式变得丰富，别忘了用现有素材练起来哦~
形式可以是老师示范、指令、做动作、替换等。

The same is true of the word

“被字句”同理